Decarbonizing Research: Sustainable Technologies at Aggie Square

The district employs advanced electrification strategies, including air-source heat pumps and electric boilers, to eliminate natural gas use, reduce emissions, and enhance energy efficiency in research and community facilities.

Key Highlights

  • ZGF Architects designed Aggie Square to be an all-electric campus.
  • Advanced heat pump technologies, including air-source and CO2-based systems, provide efficient hot water and steam for research needs.
  • Multiple smaller boilers and preheating systems improve redundancy, efficiency, and compliance with California regulations.
  • Innovative humidification solutions like MeeFog CloudMaker use water fog to maintain air quality with low electrical demand.

Aggie Square is a $1.1 billion innovation district in Sacramento, California, anchored by UC Davis, and designed by ZGF Architects. The two new buildings, 200 and 300 Aggie Square, house state-of-the-art research facilities, flexible labs, private industry partners, and community-focused programs and spaces.

Aggie Square is connected to one of the cleanest energy grids in the country, receiving 100% renewable power from the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD). This enabled ZGF Architects to design an all-electric campus, eliminating combustion-based mechanical systems and removing the need for natural gas in the laboratories. 

Electrification in lab buildings has traditionally focused on heating and domestic hot water systems. At Aggie Square, the approach went further by fully electrifying process loads as well. A mix of technologies was used to balance energy efficiency with long-term reliability.

Energy-Efficient Hot Water

To meet the high hot water demands of research device washing, Nyle water heaters utilize efficient air-source heat pumps with large storage tanks. The Nyle Alectro Heat Pump Boiler is a monobloc air-source heat pump that serves as a boiler replacement for hydronic systems with high water temperature requirements. It is designed to simplify deployment on a wide variety of commercial hydronic heating systems. This product offers best-in-class performance and reliability for high-temperature water applications. The technology eliminates up to 51% emissions with non-flammable, low GWP refrigerant and an efficient design.

For more information, visit the product webpage.

Alectro Air Source Heat Pump Boiler

Nyle Water Heating Systems

Solving the Steam Problem

While heat pumps handle space heating, they cannot generate the 300°F steam required for autoclaves, glass washers, and vivarium cage washers. This high-intensity process load is often the most difficult to address in decarbonized lab science facilities.

Because steam heat pumps are not available at the scale needed for this project, Aggie Square uses electric steam boilers. To reduce their energy demand, a CO2 heat pump preheats incoming water to 180°F before it enters the boilers, improving overall efficiency. Multiple smaller boilers were used to create steam, providing better redundancy and flexibility, while also avoiding California requirements for full-time boiler operators.

Heat Pump Powered by Refrigerant-Grade Carbon Dioxide

The Aegis A is a powerful commercial heat pump water heater powered by R744, better known as refrigerant grade carbon dioxide (CO2). Earning a spot on PM Engineer’s Top 20 Products list, Aegis A produces hot water up to 170°F at air temperatures as low as -4°F with no need for supplemental heat. The heat pump technology absorbs and moves heat from the surrounding area instead of needing to generate heat. It is an extremely efficient solution that saves energy and lowers operating costs.

For more information, visit the product webpage.

Aegis A Heat Pump

Lync by Watts

High-Efficiency Steam

Fulton's FBE is a compact and reliable electric steam boiler capable of producing high-quality saturated steam with nearly 100% efficiency. The FBE is a clean-running, combustion-free boiler featuring a design pressure of 100 PSI and ASME-M certification

For more information, visit the product website.

Fulton FBE

Fulton

Chemical-Free Humidification

When electrification is the goal, atomizing humidification helps keep electrical demand low by using pressurized water instead of energy-intensive steam to add moisture to the air.

The MeeFog CloudMaker creates chemical-free humidification via pure water fog. The industrial-grade portable system utilizes a 2,000 PSI pump, plugs into a regular 20 A, 120V wall outlet, and connects to a standard garden hose.

For more information, visit the product webpage.

MeeFog CloudMaker

MeeFog Systems

About the Author

Barbara Horwitz-Bennett

Barbara Horwitz-Bennett has more than 25 years as a trade press journalist and writer in the building and construction industry. Her articles regularly appear in several leading architectural publications. 

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